To download the Refueling Aviation in the United States report and the individual region reports, please fill out the form at the bottom of the page, then click on the images below. NOTE- THE THREE REPORTS ARE ALREADY DOWNLOADED- CLICK ON 'form at the bottom of the page'  THEN MAKE A CHOICE

Analysis: With Smart Policy, Truck Electrification Is Within Reach. An analysis of 15 states that have adopted or are in the process of adopting the Advanced Clean Trucks regulation shows that 60 percent of medium-duty trucks and 43 of heavy-duty trucks are electrifiable today. November 10, 2023 Olivia Alves,  Emily Porter,  Nocona Sanders In the United States, the transportation sector contributes more greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions than any other. Given that medium- and heavy-duty (MHD) trucks account for only 10 percent of vehicles on the road, yet produce almost a quarter of the sector’s emissions, it’s clear that truck electrification will be critical to meeting climate goals.To accelerate adoption, an increasing number of stakeholders are exploring how policy can help address commonly cited barriers to truck electrification, including fleets’ concerns about the cost of electric trucks, electric trucks’ ability to meet operational needs, and whether the electric grid can adequately provide for the charging needs of electric trucks. To address these concerns, RMI analyzed one year of trucking telematics data in 15 states that have adopted or are working to adopt the Advanced Clean Trucks (ACT) regulation to understand how trucks currently operate and to quantify electrification potential. The profiled states have all signed the Advanced Clean Trucks Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) that requires 30 percent of MHD vehicle sales be zero-emissions vehicles (ZEVs) by 2030, with a goal of 100 percent ZEV adoption by 2050. Some states have enacted the MOU, while others are still working on adoption.We found that, on average in these areas, 60 percent of medium-duty trucks and 43 percent of heavy-duty trucks are electrifiable today.                                                                                                                                                                                What Is the Advanced Clean Trucks (ACT) Regulation?...... To understand the results of RMI’s analysis, it’s important to know what the ACT regulation does. First adopted in California in 2020 to combat truck emissions, ACT requires original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) of MHD vehicles to sell ZEVs or near-zero-emissions vehicles (NZEVs) such as plug-in electric hybrids as an increasing percentage of their annual sales from 2024 to 2035 to achieve 100 percent sales of electric trucks by 2050. The regulation uses a cap-and-trade system, capping the number of fossil fuel vehicles sold by stipulating annual sales percentage requirements. The rule allows manufacturers to comply with the regulation by generating compliance credits through the sale of ZEVs or NZEVs or through the trading of compliance credits. For further background on ACT please review RMI’s article Understanding California’s Advanced Clean Truck Regulation.             Common Questions About Truck Electrification RMI’s analysis helps answer the pressing questions about truck electrification. Can electric trucks and charging capabilities meet operational needs? In many cases, yes......read on       https://rmi.org/rmi-analysis-with-smart-policy-truck-electrification-is-within-reach/                 

RMI Analysis: With Smart Policy, Truck Electrification Is Within Reach. An analysis of 15 states that have adopted or are in the process of adopting the Advanced Clean Trucks regulation shows that 60 percent of medium-duty trucks and 43 of heavy-duty trucks are electrifiable today. November 10, 2023 Olivia Alves,  Emily Porter,  Nocona Sanders In the United States, the transportation sector contributes more greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions than any other. Given that medium- and heavy-duty (MHD) trucks account for only 10 percent of vehicles on the road, yet produce almost a quarter of the sector’s emissions, it’s clear that truck electrification will be critical to meeting climate goals.To accelerate adoption, an increasing number of stakeholders are exploring how policy can help address commonly cited barriers to truck electrification, including fleets’ concerns about the cost of electric trucks, electric trucks’ ability to meet operational needs, and whether the electric grid can adequately provide for the charging needs of electric trucks. To address these concerns, RMI analyzed one year of trucking telematics data in 15 states that have adopted or are working to adopt the Advanced Clean Trucks (ACT) regulation to understand how trucks currently operate and to quantify electrification potential. The profiled states have all signed the Advanced Clean Trucks Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) that requires 30 percent of MHD vehicle sales be zero-emissions vehicles (ZEVs) by 2030, with a goal of 100 percent ZEV adoption by 2050. Some states have enacted the MOU, while others are still working on adoption.We found that, on average in these areas, 60 percent of medium-duty trucks and 43 percent of heavy-duty trucks are electrifiable today.                                What Is the Advanced Clean Trucks (ACT) Regulation?...... To understand the results of RMI’s analysis, it’s important to know what the ACT regulation does. First adopted in California in 2020 to combat truck emissions, ACT requires original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) of MHD vehicles to sell ZEVs or near-zero-emissions vehicles (NZEVs) such as plug-in electric hybrids as an increasing percentage of their annual sales from 2024 to 2035 to achieve 100 percent sales of electric trucks by 2050. The regulation uses a cap-and-trade system, capping the number of fossil fuel vehicles sold by stipulating annual sales percentage requirements. The rule allows manufacturers to comply with the regulation by generating compliance credits through the sale of ZEVs or NZEVs or through the trading of compliance credits. For further background on ACT please review RMI’s article Understanding California’s Advanced Clean Truck Regulation.           Common Questions About Truck Electrification RMI’s analysis helps answer the pressing questions about truck electrification. Can electric trucks and charging capabilities meet operational needs? In many cases, yes......read on         https://rmi.org/rmi-analysis-with-smart-policy-truck-electrification-is-within-reach/

Climate change: Should you fly, drive or take the train? August 23, 2019      An economy-class return flight from London to New York emits an estimated 0.67 tonnes of CO2 per passenger, according to the calculator from the UN's civil aviation body, the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). That's equivalent to 11% of the average annual emissions for someone in the UK or about the same as those caused by someone living in Ghana over a year. Aviation contributes about 2% of the world's global carbon emissions, according to the International Air Transport Association (IATA). It predicts passenger numbers will double to 8.2 billion in 2037.. And as other sectors of the economy become greener - with more wind turbines, for example - aviation's proportion of total emissions is set to rise. Emissions from different modes of transport can vary hugely, and it also depends where passengers sit and whether they are taking a long-haul flight or a shorter one.  For long haul flights, carbon emissions per passenger per kilometre travelled are about three times higher for business class and four times higher for first class, according to the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS). This is because there's more space per seat, so each person accounts for a larger amount of the whole plane's pollution. Taking off uses more fuel than cruising. For shorter flights, this accounts for a larger proportion of the journey. And it means lower emissions for direct flights than multi-leg trips. Also, newer planes can be more efficient and some airlines and routes are better at filling seats than others. One analysis found wide variation between per passenger emissions for different airlines.  How does travelling by train compare? Train virtually always comes out better than the plane, often by a lot. A journey from London to Madrid would emit 43kg (95lb) of CO2 per passenger by train, but 118kg by plane (or 265kg if the non-CO2 emissions are included), according to EcoPassengeowever, the margin between train and plane emissions varies, depending on several factors, including the type of train. For electric trains, the way the electricity they use is generated is used to calculate carbon emissions. Diesel trains' carbon emissions can be twice those of electric ones. Figures from the UK Rail Safety and Standards board show some diesel locomotives emit more than 90g of C02 per passenger per kilometre, compared with about 45g for an electric Intercity 225, for example.The source of the electricity can make a big difference if you compare a country such as France, where about 75% of electricity comes from nuclear power, with Poland, where about 80% of grid power is generated from coal.  How to reduce your carbon footprint when you fly and one has to be very careful what sites are used for this calculation!                    https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-49349566