Discrimination against Black, Hispanic and Asian people in the U.S.BY ANDREW DANILLER MARCH 18, 2021  Large shares of Americans say there is at least some discrimination against several groups in the United States, including 80% who say there is a lot of or some discrimination against Black people, 76% who say this about Hispanic people and 70% who see discrimination against Asian people. Nearly half of Americans (46%) say there is “a lot” of discrimination against Black people. About three-in-ten see a lot of discrimination against Hispanic people (30%) and Asian people (27%). Americans are much less likely to say there is discrimination against White people: 40% say White people face at least some discrimination, and just 14% say White people face a lot of discrimination, according to a Pew Research Center survey conducted March 1-7, 2021.The survey was fielded before the March 16 Atlanta-area shootings in which six of the eight victims were Asian women. Also, these questions ask Americans about their perceptions of discrimination against groups of people rather than about violence or individuals’ personal experiences with discrimination or violence; see “How we did this” for additional resources on those subjects. Views of discrimination against racial and ethnic groups vary widely by race and ethnicity, as well as along partisan lines. While large majorities of White, Hispanic and Asian American adults all say that Black people face at least some discrimination, Black Americans are far more likely to say that Black people face a lot of discrimination. Eight-in-ten Black adults say this, as do 54% of Hispanic adults, half of Asian adults and 38% of White adults. And almost all Black adults (95%) say that Black people face at least some discrimination. Black adults and Hispanic adults are about equally likely to say there is a lot of discrimination against Hispanic people, while White and Asian adults are substantially less likely to say this......read on  https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2021/03/18/majorities-of-americans-see-at-least-some-discrimination-against-black-hispanic-and-asian-people-in-the-u-s/      AND      Racial Discrimination in the United States. Human Rights Watch / ACLU Joint Submission Regarding the United States’ Record Under the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination    https://www.hrw.org/report/2022/08/08/racial-discrimination-united-states/human-rights-watch/aclu-joint-submission                                                                                      

 Why Did U.S. Cities Resegregate? Georgetown Law professor Sheryll Cashin’s latest book is an unsparing accounting of the collapse of racial integration after the Civil Rights era — and a plea for change. Residential segregation manages to color just about every facet of US life. It fuels the country’s sprawling suburban development, and the massive carbon footprint that lifestyle demands. It underpins struggling public schools and the increasingly toxic politics around them. It turns would-be neighbors into feared strangers, and fellow citizens into implacable political foes. Sheryll Cashin, a professor at Georgetown University Law Center and former White House urban policy advisor, has devoted much of her career to documenting how segregation poisons America. Her first book, 2005’s The Failures of Integration meticulously documented how even middle-income majority Black communities like Prince George’s County in Maryland became swamped by racist market and political forces.  Integration “is the best route to equal opportunity for everyone,” she wrote, in a moment when the topic had largely fallen from the national political discourse. “I have become convinced of this — even as I recognize the nurturing benefits of a racial enclave — because of the virulent inequality that our separation is begetting.”  Cashin’s most recent book, White Space, Black Hood: Opportunity Hoarding and Segregation in the Age of Inequality, arrives in a US that has grown even more politically, racially and spatially polarized. The Great Recession and the orgy of predatory lending that preceded it wreakedenduring havoc on household wealth in Black and Latino communities, while a national shortage of affordable housing and stubborn patterns of inequality have locked non-white renters into low-opportunity neighborhoods. Public schools have largely resegregated. Meanwhile, the Black Lives Matter movement’s demand for a racial reckoning and the rise of a Trump-dominated Republican Party have brought the American conversation about inequality into a contentious new territory. In White Space, Black Hood, Cashin tries to chart a path forward. Bloomberg CityLab talked with her about the successes of integration, her time working in the Clinton administration, and where she finds hope today. This interview has been edited for length and clarity. Let’s start with a macro look at the conditions that Black people faced during the Great Migration. There’s a critique I’ve heard a number of times from white people: “My Irish/Italian/Jewish ancestors lived in poverty in dense urban settings too, but they pulled themselves out of it.” What does this miss about the Black experience in America? No group was contained the way Black Great Migrants were. It’s a kind of separation others didn’t experience. Black people were intentionally cut out of the largest wealth-building subsidy the country ever had, the federally insured 30-year mortgage. If you were Black, you were constrained to redlined neighborhoods; if you had a home, it lost value. That imposed structural constraints on your ability to acquire wealth. There’s a reason why for every dollar the average white family has, the average Black family has eight cents. The Irish eventually got to be white. The Poles got to be white. All of these groups that were initially othered, they whitened and had access to opportunities. Then the government piled on, subjecting Black neighborhoods to cumulative blunt force trauma. You have urban renewal, highways that are running through Black neighborhoods, a lot of displacement. Lots of them ended up in public housing intentionally assigned on a separate and unequal basis. After the passage of the Fair Housing Act in ’68 and the tepid opening up of housing markets, to be Black — even for middle- and upper-class Black people who can afford a home — was to be exposed to concentrated poverty. Everywhere you turn, you face gun violence, militant policing, deprivation of resources. Your schools are likely to have the least experienced teachers despite concentrated need. Even poor white people aren’t subjected to that. Statistically, if you’re white and poor you’re more apt to be proximate to middle-class people than Black people are.....and there's much, much more                https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-05-11/tracking-the-disastrous-collapse-of-u-s-racial-

 UNITED STATES Chasing the dream of equity. How policy has shaped racial economic disparities Adewale A. Maye • August 1, 2023    Overview • Read the Report  Summary: In the 60 years since the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, little progress has been made in removing barriers to the full equitable integration of Black Americans into the U.S. economy. The Civil Rights Movement ushered in a new chapter in American history. The combined efforts of many moved the U.S. Congress to pass sweeping civil rights legislation to reverse oppressive Jim Crow laws and broadly combat discrimination against people of color. While this movement succeeded in removing key barriers to equal rights under the law, many economic demands were left unmet. Failure to address these has adversely impacted the economic security of people of color and exacerbated many of the long-standing racial disparities in economic outcomes present today.

This report examines the difficult relationship between public policy and racial inequality in the United States. First, the report briefly outlines the history and evolution of structural racism from Reconstruction to the beginning of the Civil Rights Movement. Next, the report explores the policy demands the Civil Rights Movement championed through the March on Washington and the Kerner Commission. Then, the report examines whether federal policies implemented since the civil rights era have supported or undermined the demands from that period and the effects that those policies have had on the economic status of Black Americans. Finally, the report outlines ways in which policymakers can improve the lives of Black Americans and fulfill the civil rights era promise of racial equity.                                                                                                                        This examination focuses mostly on Black Americans’ outcomes, given their central role in motivating the civil rights legislation designed to reverse the harm that Jim Crow legislation inflicted on the Black community. To assess Black Americans’ economic standing over the decades, the report analyzes changes in their unemployment rate, median hourly wages, union coverage, wealth, and homeownership rate. The report also examines access to basic rights and freedoms, measured by changes in voter registration, voter participation, and incarceration rates.Past public policy laid the groundwork for the pervasive economic inequality that many people of color face today. Race-neutral legislation intended to help families earning low incomes and alleviate economic strain among middle-class households has only mitigated racial economic disparities slightly. That’s because these disparities are the result of policies that denied Black families the opportunity to build wealth and economic stability and fully participate in American society. Racial economic inequalities will persist without legislation explicitly targeting and remedying the injustices left unresolved by race-neutral policies, which disregard the challenges that specific racial or ethnic groups face.               https://www.epi.org/publication/chasing-the-dream-of-equity/

Green exploitation is still exploitation.  If leaders give in to the temptation of short-term gains, the extraction of Africa’s transition minerals will follow familiar colonial dynamics.  PETER ALBRECHT, KWESI ANING, MARIE GRAVESEN & DZODZI TSIKATANOVEMBER 15, 2023 As the climate crisis worsens, much of the world is looking to Africa for the solution. As countries look to build a more sustainable future, the continent is seen as holding the key – and the resources – to power a green transition. After all, Africa holds 90% of the world’s chromium, essential for solar and geothermal power, as well as 90% of its platinum, used in electric vehicles. The Democratic Republic of Congo alone is estimated to contain most of the world’s cobalt, demand for which is set to skyrocket due to its use in electronic goods. The same is true ofmanganese, the biggest two producers of which are South Africa and Gabon. The list does not end there, nor with metals and minerals alone. Africa’s untouched forests and peatlands are also increasingly being romanticised as the solution to global biodiversity crises or to serve as vital carbon sinks. Policymakers from around the world last year,at the 2022 COP15 biodiversity summit, agreed to turn 30% of the world’s land into protected areas by 2030 to preserve biodiversity. Meanwhile a Dubai-based company in recent months has secured rights over 24.5 million hectares – an area larger than the UK – in Kenya, Zimbabwe, Liberia, Tanzania and Zambia to produce carbon credits. While the context of this turn to Africa is novel, this dynamic is not new. Under colonialism, imperial powers fought over Africa’s land and pillaged its natural resources to fuel industrialisation back home. Post-independence, Western states and companies have continued to mine and export the continent’s riches, this time justified by insidious notions of development and economic liberalisation. The true value and benefits of the extracted minerals will continue to accrue in these latter countries, by and large leaving Africa out of the equation, a few elite beneficiaries notwithstanding.ing to international policymakers and experts – often from the West – much of the world’s remaining untouched nature is in Africa. Yetwhat seems untouched at first glance rarely is. Though it may not be used for industrial farming or resource extraction, much land is part of the commons that foragers, pastoralists, small-scale farmers, and households habitually use. These essential areas for grazing, farming, medicinal plants, wild-growing foods, fuelwood, and water are already increasingly scarce, not least due to warmer weather, rapid urbanisation, and growing populations. The solution is political and African.....read on    https://africanarguments.org/2023/11/green-exploitation-is-still-exploitation/