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Climeworks, Direct Air Capture, and the Brutal Reality of Pulling Carbon from the Sky. The poor performance of the Climeworks direct air capture plant in Iceland should be a turning point. Not just for one company, but for an entire class of false solutions. Clean Technica Michael Barnard May 2025 The poor performance of the Climeworks direct air capture plant in Iceland should be a turning point. Not just for one company, but for an entire class of false solutions.In 2024, Climeworks’ direct air capture (DAC) Mammoth plant in Iceland captured just 105 tonnes of carbon dioxide. That’s not per day, not per week, that’s total, across the year. For context, that’s less than the annual tailpipe emissions from a dozen long-haul trucks, or roughly one-thousandth of what the company said the plant was built to remove. In mid 2025, the company began laying off a minimum of 10% of its ~500 staff. For a firm that raised over $800 million in equity and subsidies, hailed as a pioneer of direct air capture, the numbers are sobering. But they are not surprising. They are merely the inevitable result of colliding hopeful techno-optimism with the brutal constraints of physics, economics, and scale.
DAC has always promised a seductive narrative: the ability to suck carbon out of the sky, store it underground, and buy ourselves a climate mulligan. It promised to clean up after fossil fuels without requiring too many lifestyle changes. It was a technology that said yes — to oil companies, to airlines, to governments slow-walking their emissions policies. And for a time, it looked like it might work. Big names like Microsoft, Stripe, and Shopify lined up to buy carbon removal credits at $600 a ton or more. Government agencies began pouring in cash. The US 45Q tax credit was sweetened to $180 per ton. Europe and Japan set aside funds. And dozens of startups bloomed. But beneath the marketing sheen, the physics was never on DAC’s side.
Removing CO₂ from ambient air is a thermodynamic slog. The concentration is a measly 0.04% — less than one molecule in 2,500. Capturing it means moving vast volumes of air across chemically active surfaces, then applying heat, vacuum, or electric fields to regenerate the sorbents. The most mature systems, like Climeworks’ solid sorbent modules or Carbon Engineering’s hydroxide-calcination loop, require on the order of 2,000 to 3,000 kilowatt-hours of energy per ton of CO₂. Even newer concepts that promise electrochemical capture still hover around 700 to 1,000 kWh per ton. And that’s just to capture it. Compressing, transporting, and injecting it underground adds another layer of complexity and cost. Back in 2019, I analyzed Carbon Engineering’s system in detail and concluded that it wasn’t ready for prime time. The energy requirements were steep, the system architecture was complex, and the economic case relied heavily on theoretical scale and generous subsidies. Fast forward to today, and those conclusions still hold. Carbon Engineering’s Squamish pilot captured a few hundred tons over several years. Its first commercial plant, Stratos in Texas, is still under construction. Occidental Petroleum acquired the company in 2023 not because it had a viable climate solution, but because it had a narrative that could buy time for oil and gas. Stratos, too, will run on natural gas. The captured CO₂ will be injected underground and earn 45Q credits, while Occidental continues to sell hydrocarbons. This isn’t carbon removal. It’s corporate theater wrapped in a green ribbon.
Both Climeworks and Carbon Engineering rely on energy-intensive processes that significantly affect their net CO₂ removal performance. Climeworks uses solid amine sorbents that require low-grade heat, typically around 80–100 °C, to regenerate. While its Icelandic operations claim to run on geothermal heat and renewables, life-cycle analyses show that even with clean power, the system still re-emits about 10% of the CO₂ it captures — due to embedded emissions in materials, equipment fabrication, and operational energy overhead. When fossil-derived heat or grid power is used, the carbon intensity increases sharply.
Carbon Engineering’s system is even more demanding, using around 8.8 GJ of thermal energy and over 360 kWh of electricity per ton of CO₂ removed. In its commercial configuration, it burns natural gas to provide high-temperature heat for calcination, capturing the resulting CO₂ from combustion alongside that from the air. While this design recovers some of the emissions, the system still emits roughly 0.1–0.2 tons of CO₂ for every ton it captures — less if powered by renewables, more if grid electricity or inefficient fuel use is involved. In both cases, without access to extremely low-carbon energy, the DAC process risks becoming a net emitter or offering only marginal removal at best. That low-carbon energy is much better used to power electric cars or heat pumps to avoid more CO2 being emitted in the first place, rather than used to extract homeopathic amounts of CO2 from the air.
Direct air capture, like the broader class of carbon capture and storage (CCS) projects, has been used less as a mitigation tool and more as a justification tool. Capture projects at the smokestack were supposed to save coal. They didn’t. DAC was supposed to save aviation. It isn’t. Now it’s being positioned as the backstop for net-zero oil and gas production, a way to square the carbon ledger while the meter keeps running. The problem is that the math never adds up. To remove even one gigaton of CO₂ annually — the lower end of what IPCC pathways suggest we might need by mid-century — we would need thousands of DAC plants the size of the one Climeworks can’t get to work. That would require hundreds of terawatt-hours of energy annually, roughly equivalent to doubling the electricity use of a mid-sized industrial nation.....read on https://cleantechnica.com/
g Carbon from the Sky.
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Last week, however, Trump administration officials said they were eliminating the program. The rationale? An EPA spokesperson wrote in an email that the move was part of “organizational improvements” to “better advance the agency’s core mission, while Powering the Great American Comeback.” The Energy Department, which also administers part of the program, declined a request for comment.
Legal and political challenges are sure to follow. Indeed, companies and trade associations are lobbying to keep Energy Star. When President Donald Trump tried to cut the program during his first term, that pressure helped convince Congress to maintain funding. But the second Trump administration has proved far more willing to slash government programs and funding without the consent of Congress. Trump has made it a mission to repeal efficiency standards for everything from incandescent bulbs to showerheads. If Energy Star dies, it would mark the demise of one of America’s most popular government programs — championed by industry associations, environmental groups, and Republicans and Democrats alike.
“It has brand recognition and consumer trust that only Santa Claus can compete with,” said Christine Egan, head of CLASP, an international nonprofit dedicated to energy-efficient appliances. “People know Energy Star as a brand that puts power and information in a single yes-or-no box … ‘If you buy with this, you get a more energy efficient product that’s going to cost you less to operate.’”Without that labeling, you will have to pay more and work harder to identify which appliances will use the least energy and save the most money. Can you DIY something like Energy Star? I spoke with researchers and policy experts about why Energy Star has been so successful and what we could do in its absence......now cancelled by Trump- check out all the helpful things the program used to cover....https://www.
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This week, we need to talk about climate solutions in a different way. As you’ve probably heard, the federal government has taken an axe to funding and programs related to climate change and environmental justice — from scientific research to clean transportation projects to efficient household appliances — and cut staff across a range of agencies.
As climate work all over the country faces setbacks, Grist wants to help capture the stories of what is being lost. Check out some of Grist’s previous coverage of how federal cuts have impacted communities and climate progress:
- Read: about a Madison, Wisconsin, nonprofit that was one of many organizations that has lost funding through the Department of Agriculture’s Patrick Leahy Farm to School program
- Read: about a program providing free food boxes to those facing food insecurity in Duffield, Virginia, that shuttered in the face of the USDA’s funding freeze
- Read: about a Chicago nonprofit that awarded grants for tree-planting in low-income communities, and then had to tell the recipients to stop their work after an executive order froze funding obligated by the Inflation Reduction Act
- Read: about the Trump administration’s plans to dismantle the Building Resilient Infrastructure and Communities program, uncovered in an internal FEMA memo obtained by Grist
- Read: insights from fired Forest Service employees about their work and what its loss means for public lands
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Renewables allow us to pay less, not twice. What Kemi Badenoch, and many others, get wrong about renewables The Electrotech Revolution.Daan Walter Mar 25, 2025
Last week, UK Conservative Party leader Kemi Badenoch took the stage to advocate for slowing the rollout of renewables, arguing that they ultimately lead to higher costs.......
Huge amounts are being spent on switching round how we distribute electricity because we must effectively build two systems of electricity generation – one based on renewables and one not. One for when the sun shines and the wind blows. And one for when they don’t.” At first glance, this argument seems intuitive—and therefore persuasive: if we need to build two separate power generation systems, it must be more expensive. But this logic is fundamentally flawed. It conflates upfront capital expenditure with total system costs, focusing narrowly on installation expenses while ignoring the costs of purchasing fuel to run fossil power plants. This is a common misunderstanding in the energy transition debate today—we call it the "double cost fallacy.” It's time we move past it.
To illustrate where this line of thinking goes wrong, let’s examine a simple, stylized example. Imagine we get granted a large plot of land and 1 GW grid connection that we need to supply with power all 8,760 hours per year, for 25 years. Our task is to find a cheap, reliable way to do this. We’ll set our scene in the south of the UK, exclude local carbon taxes to focus purely on economics, and use some standard cost assumptions for power generation technology, largely from the UK's DESNZ (detailed assumptions at the bottom of the article).[ii]As we'll see, we can supply 70% of this power with solar energy without any additional cost compared to just operating a gas plant. Interestingly—and perhaps counterintuitively—the total cost of running a 1 GW gas plant continuously is actually higher than building a combined system of 1 GW gas, 6.5 GW solar, and 12 GWh of battery storage. We will build out this case in this article—but if you want to jump ahead and play around with this hypothetical setup yourself, you can do so with this simple webtool.
The gas case......Let’s start with a baseline. We can consider just building a 1 GW gas power plant to deliver our 1 GW baseload. You’ll get the very boring result below: 100% gas generation all year round. This solution has a total cost of approximately £76/MWh. Remember that number as we’ll refer to this later as a benchmark.Note that only £8/MWh is for paying off the capex, and the other £68/MWh goes into running costs — predominantly the cost of buying gas. The latter we will try to reduce by adding in renewables now.
Adding solar on top....... So let's add some solar energy into the mix. Suppose we install an additional 1 GW of solar capacity alongside the 1 GW gas plant. You then get the result below.Contrary to what the double cost fallacy implies, total system cost actually falls when we add solar on top of gas. In our example, the system costs falls to about £70/MWh. This reduction occurs because during daylight hours we can rely on free sunshine rather than expensive gas to make electricity. As a result, gas usage drops by around 16%. As one can see from the three generation charts at the bottom, summer months are of course better than winter months for solar.
Adding more solar on top......Continuing this logic, let's double our solar capacity to 2 GW. Even if this means occasionally generating more solar power than needed, we can just throw away the excess. We get the result below.......read on https:// electrotechrevolution. substack.com/p/renewables- allow-us-to-pay-less-not
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Faith groups mobilize to keep fighting climate change as Trump pulls the U.S. out of the Paris accord. Hundreds of religious communities have joined with businesses, universities and colleges, major investors, local governments, states, and tribal nations in declaring they will continue the work of fulfilling the U.S. pledge in the Paris Agreement. Yale Climate Connections by Barbara Grady February 13, 2025 Religious groups around the U.S. are raising alarms and stepping up action as President Donald Trump’s administration has quickly moved to gut environmental regulations and federal programs for reducing climate pollution during his first weeks in office. While some evangelical leaders have backed Trump’s dismissal of climate science, most faith leaders say the teachings in the Bible, the Torah, the Quran, and other sacred texts compel people to be good stewards of the Earth and care for each other.“Each of us must feel in some way responsible for the devastation to which the Earth, our common home, has been subjected, beginning with those actions that, albeit only indirectly, fuel the conflicts that presently plague our human family,” wrote Pope Francis, leader of 1.3 billion Catholics around the world, in a papal message released January 1, 2025, reiterating the call in his encyclical – a formal letter – known as “Laudato Si’: Care for Our Common Home.”“At the beginning of this year, then, we desire to heed the plea of suffering humankind,” the pope wrote in his January message.
Faith groups pledge action.......On Day One of his new administration, Trump began steps to pull the United States out of the Paris Climate Agreement. Some 839 faith communities joined with 2,978 businesses, 428 universities and colleges, 175 major investors, 362 local governments, 10 states, and 13 tribal nations in declaring they will continue the work of fulfilling the U.S. pledge to the Paris Agreement to reduce climate emissions to levels that would limit average global warming from rising more than 2 degrees Celsius. The faith communities that signed onto the “America is All In” declaration include the Jewish Climate Action Networks of New York and Massachusetts, Methodist, Congregational, Lutheran, and Unitarian congregations all around the country and the large Roman Catholic Archdioceses of Anchorage, Cheyenne, Cleveland, Fort Wayne, Jackson, Mississippi, Louisville, Lubbock, New Orleans, and Newark, New Jersey, St. Augustine, Savannah, and Toledo, as well as many others. In late January, two U.S. Catholic organizations called on Trump to reverse the anti-environment executive orders he had issued, describing their “alarm at the extensive reversal of U.S. domestic and international climate policies.”
What religious groups are doing about climate change.....Some religious coalitions are already taking steps to fill the void expected to be left by the federal government abandoning programs for renewable energy and environmental justice. “We see the challenges ahead and we intend to bolster up,” said Codi Norred, executive director of Georgia Interfaith Power & Light, which counts hundreds of churches, synagogues, mosques, and spiritual groups as members or affiliates.* “We are in a mode of expansion,” he said. The group is asking the state public service commission to encourage the state utilities to build out more clean energy. They’re building resilience centers for people hurt by extreme weather disasters and bolstering funding to help more congregations install solar.Some 22,000 faith communities are involved with Interfaith Power & Light chapters in 40 states. Religious groups are also mobilizing around other issues, such as protecting immigrants, health care for poor and working-class people, and others in the crosshairs of Trump’s policies. The Jewish Climate Action Networks in Massachusetts, New York, and Maryland are galvanizing members to act at the state level. On another front, the pension boards of mainstream protestant denominations and the Reform Jewish Movement, as well as dozens of congregations of nuns, are preparing to file or vote for climate-related shareholder resolutions at major corporations this year, according to the Interfaith Center for Corporate Responsibility, whose members include hundreds of faith-based organizations.....read on https://yaleclimateconnections.org/2025/02/faith-groups-mobilize-to-keep-fighting-climate-change-as-trump-pulls-u-s-out-of-paris-accord/?utm_source=Weekly+News+from+Yale+Climate+Connections&utm_campaign=0bfa673b51-EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_2025_02_13_09_43&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_-0bfa673b51-59447372 ......AND...... Read: Trump and his allies could kill funding for lifesaving resiliency hubs
More Articles …
- From Nuts to Kelp: The 'Carbon-negative' oods that help Reverse Climate Change
- Living Through the onset of Rapid Global Warming involves Learning to Roll with the Punches.
- Our Dystopian Climate Isn’t just about Fires and floods. It’s About Society Fracturing.
- How Cyprus became a World Leader in Solar Heating
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